Coca cola marketing research Essay

The Coca-Cola company was established back in 1886 and it is most famous of creating the soft drink Coca Cola. Based on a global brand study, Coca Cola was the world’s most valuable brand in 2011. Though, just like all those â€Å"old† and well developed brands, Coca Cola is facing aging problem, a disconnection with the younger generation and it seems like people are not picking up coca cola as a trendy drink and a sign of coolness anymore as there are so many other drinks available in the market nowaday. In order to make the brand’s image younger, Coca Cola started a campaign back in 2011 called â€Å"Share a Coke†, internally known as â€Å"Project Connect†. It is a worldwide campaign that started with their Australia team and in 2014 the campaign has finally reached Hong Kong. There are two objectives for this campaign, to get the attention of the younger generation and to make them feel like Coca Cola is still a trendy and cool thing to be talk ing about and another communication objective for the campaign is really just to have everyone to talk about Coca Cola again, both in the real and virtual world. As mentioned, Coca cola is trying to get collection with young people again and to make Coca Cola the cool thing to be talking about among people, so the target audience of the campaign is young adults focusing on demographic of 18 – 25 years old, who is health consumers, affluent and really is the current and future major stakeholders for the brand. In order to bring people together to â€Å"Share a Coke†, Coca Cola swapped out Coke’s classic label on bottles and cans with 200 of Hong Kong’s most popular nick names, like â€Å"Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã§Å¡â€¡ (queen), â€Å"Gag 王 (joke maker)†, †Buddy†, â€Å"ç ²â€°Ã§ µ ²(fans)†, â€Å"é â€Ã¤ º º(expert)†, â€Å"Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã§ ¥Å¾ (goddess)†, â€Å"ç” ·Ã§ ¥Å¾ (god)† or common names like â€Å"Yan†, â€Å"Wah†, â€Å"Lee†, â€Å"Fung† and â€Å"Ming† or phases like â€Å"miss you†, â€Å"love you†, â€Å"Oh Dear†, à ¢â‚¬Å"Cheer up† and â€Å"I’m yours† etc. This is one of the strategy that Coca Cola came out to bring together to talk about Coca Cola again, a new concept that Coke came up and wants to promote is â€Å"Shareability†. Coca Cola understands the best way to connect people is to have something they can share or even can send it as a gift to their friends and relatives. Moreover, If you can’t find a nick name, common names nor phases that best represent you or your love one? No worries, Coca Cola had created a web page for customers to go online and create a virtual bottle to share it on social media (e.x. facebook, Instagram and Twitter†¦etc) with their friends and family. Coca Cola would never missed a single person who is interested in â€Å"Share a Coke† out. In other countries, such as the U.S. and U.K., customers with less common names (or basically if you can’t find what you are looking for), they are able to get a mini can customized with their name on it at one of their pop up stops. Because of Hong Kong don’t have the similar promotion, people are starting to sell the service of helping people to order personalized cans and bottles in the U.K. This also helped Coca Cola Hong Kong to create the basic foundation of pull strategy as supply was super limited and it I very time consuming to mail the products from overseas to Hong Kong making the products very hard to get. Another advantage of the success of the â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign overseas is that it offered the Hong Kong campaign a word-of-mouth (WOM) communication and WOM plays an important role as a communications tool in modern marketing. As Kotler (2009) suggests that if an organization can develop a marketing program to harness and  accelerate the use of personal recommendation effectively, the more likely it will be that the marketing program will be successful. This also acted as a demand-created pull strategy, as overseas people were gifting that to people who are living in Hong Kong and Hong Kong people were soon demanding to see this unique style of Coca Cola cans in Hong Kong. As soon as people got hold with a can of the personalized Coca Cola, they will share it on Instagram to show people how cool they are. Indeed, in Hong Kong, before the official campaign launched, Coke partnered with Volkswagen and sent personalized Coke can in a fancy box to younger generation celebrities like Charlene Choi, Gillian Chung, Shiga Lin and PakHo Chau†¦etc. On the cover of that fancy white box, Coca Cola encouraged celebrities to create a post on Instagram with hashtag shoareacokehk and cocacolahk. This encouragement of sharing those â€Å"Share a coke† cans on Instagram or Facebook created another pull strategy which would eventually catching the suppliers’ attention to inquiry to Coca Cola about those unique cans as celebrities are always the focus point for people to follow where the trend is. After this massive breakthrough, â€Å"Share a coke† cans and bottles were then secretly (without any proper announcement† sent to convenience stores like 711, OK and  supermarket likes Wellcome and ParknShop. As soon as they were in stock, people started to treasure hunt to trying to â€Å"share a coke with their love one and to post it on social platforms†, mainly on Instagram and Facebook. *See below images as examples. In a situation like this, the push strategy will play its part in meeting the objectives for this campaign which is letting the supplier know the demand for this product which is created by celebrities influences, social media powers and later advertising. Finally persuading retailers to both stock the product and to actively promote the â€Å"Share a coke† cans to their customers and finally making the product more accessible. Ever since Coca Cola started to encourage people to â€Å"Share a coke†, people have been uploading Instagram and Facebook posts on a regular basis. This is a creative way to make use of the profile strategy as numerous posts will be updated on Instagram everyday automatically under hashtag shareacokehk and cocacolahk and keeping stakeholders/audiences up to date with campaign information and the official Coca Cola Instagram would also share people’s â€Å"Share a coke† moment. This tactic is cost effective for Coca Cola (saved money on hiring a spoke person as many celebrities have automatically became a â€Å"spoke person† the moment they shared their personalized Coca Cola), it created a free of charge profile strategy as fans or lay people will soon follow what celebrities are doing and share a coke with their name on social media platform. This â€Å"Share a Coke† wave has caught media’s attention as bloggers and magazines were reporting this. Therefore, at a later time, personalized cans were also sent to famous bloggers, magazine editors and particular for those who have a high number of followers/fan base on Instagram. In order to â€Å"officially† announce and position Coca Cola in the minds of consumers with a view to differentiation and to inform prospective customers about the â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign, Coca Cola then started to advertise on traditional platform. It aired a television commercial on one of the biggest television channels in Hong Kong-TVB, pointing out the various nickname that people can find to mix and match them. Advertising on national television offer mass coverage, flexible format and uses sight, movement and sound  which fit in with the young adult demographic as things like that will attract their attention. They have also created posters telling people to share a coke with their mom and dad to emphasize the objective of this campaign- shareability of the product, to make people talking about Coca Cola again. Coca Cola also rented several outdoors places at causeway bay (e.x. Sogo), creating a venting machine like billboard starting â€Å"Share a coke with the person next to you, Share Coca Cola, Share happiness† and putting all the available names on there for making potential customers aware of the offering. Advertising outdoor creates a good coverage as a support medium and as the location (Sogo, Causeway bay) is where all the young adults go, it creates a perfect interesting background for young adult to take a picture and share it on Instagram as it is not so easy to spot such a large scale Coca Cola machine in your daily life. *See below images as examples. Ogilvy & Mather (the advertising agency behind all these) had also found Jonathan Mak (who editing the Apple logo in remembrance of Steve Jobs) to design a poster inspired by â€Å"Share a Coke† to advertise this campaign. You can see attached, to depict two hands sharing a Coke. This poster has served as something unique, young and trendy to matches with the target audience of the campaign. Evaluation of effectiveness: should be related to the campaign objectives and the particular tools chosen, e.g. advertising could be post-testing, tracking studies, likeability or enquiry tests. Particular market research techniques using qualitative or quantitative methods should be proposed, e.g. focus groups, surveys. A researcher quote in Wilson (2006: p.29) suggests that, â€Å"The proposal is the most important part of the whole research project†. Before we evaluate the effectiveness of the tools use, let me restate the objective of this campaign again, which is to reconnect with young adults and just have people talking about Coca Cola again. In order to evaluate whether or not the television commercial tool is effective or not, I would use likeability test  as to researching to what degree people enjoyed the advertisement and really feel like they have connect with the â€Å"Share a coke† campaign. I propose using quantitative research which is described by Wilson (2006) as a structured approach producing quantifiable data for statistical analysis, gathered from a population  sample or census. I propose that we will create a 5 questions questionnaire asking a combination of descriptive and casual questions like â€Å"What do you feel about Coca Cola‘s â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign†, â€Å"Have you watch the TV commercial about â€Å"Share a coke†Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Would you consider drinking Coca Cola as a trendy thing after watching the commercial ?†, â€Å"How do you feel about the â€Å"Share a Coke† concept and do you think the commercial has stated what we are trying to offer?†, â€Å"have you shared a coke with anyone after watching the commercial†. I suggest using Facebook as the platform to pass on the questionnaire to random audience that is within the demographic that we are aiming at as it is the most convenient and cost effective way because on Facebook you can set your target audience age to your desired one. Two identical questionnaires should be sent out to the same group of people who are aged between 18-25 across the campaign period to see if the audience has any perception changes over time. We could also get from the data whether or not we are reaching the right target auidences and whether or not this advertisement is doing what we want it to do. The second tool that we are going to evaluate is Instagram as Coca Cola has created it’s own hashtag for the campaign #shareacokehk and #cocacolahk and as our target audience is young adults, Instagram has been a major communication tools for the demographic. Also, Coca Cola has been posting all updates on its official Instagram page and this should be where we get all the noises from as Coca Cola has posted on all it’s advertising communication tools to share it on Instagram. Morevoer, Coca Cola has emphasized shareability over this campaign so the effective use of Instagram is notwithstanding one of the most important evaluation to do. Using Observation research to collect quantitative data would be a good way to analysis the effectiveness of this heavily used tool. I suggest for a consecutive of 30 days, researchers to go through around 100 potential hashtags posting on Instagram, starting with the two official hashtags â€Å"shareacokehk†, â€Å"cocacolahk†, cokehk†, â€Å"ilovecoke†Ã‚  then following any potential hashtags such as phases on cans†¦etc. Researchers will record daily change rate of each hashtag search, we can then compare shareability of each hashtags. We can also record likes from each post and see which personalized cans/bottles grabs the most attention. From the evaluation of the effectiveness of Instagram, we can increase shareability of the campaign (as, again it’s one of the major goal to get people talking about Coca Cola again). With the quantitative data that we got from this research, we can perhaps add more hashtags that people are likely to use and also we could use those information to amend or add in names that are in popular demands to keep the idea fresh. We could also see whether or not we are hitting on our target audiences. In Conclusion, the â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign is a clever idea. It is further proof how something so simple can still create a lot of buzz on the internet and in social settings. This â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign has fully fulfilled Fill (2006)’s definition of marketing communications. â€Å"A management process through which an organization seeks to engage with its various audiences. To accomplish this, the organization develops, presents and evaluates a series of messages which it sends to and receives from its different audiences. The objective of this process is to position the organization and its offering in the minds of particular audiences and in doing so encourage the  development of relationships that are of mutual value.† Coca Cola has proven to us that with the right marketing communication tools, an aging brand can sure be made younger again and reconnect with the you nger generation. Have you â€Å"Share a Coke† with your loved one today? Reference http://www.coca-colajourney.com.au/stories/local-idea-goes-global-share-a-coke#TCCC http://www.sor9y.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Screen-Shot-2014-08-24-at-2.06.38am.png http://www.milk.com.hk/content/coca-cola-share-coke-hong-kong-ed http://www.icoke.hk http://www.sor9y.com/2014/08/24/share-a-coke-name-combinations/ http://rudileung.com/tag/share-a-coke

A Struggle to Learn Essay

From the time when I was a little boy, growing up in Graves County, Kentucky, I have had problems with my reading and writing. Things never seemed to click for me, a trait that the teachers attributed to a mild case of dyslexia mixed with a healthy dose of attention deficit disorder. I knew, however, that no disorder was the cause of my distaste of reading and writing. Rather, there was nothing really interesting surrounding me that would grab my interest in the classroom. The teachers I encountered never took any interest in what their students wanted to read or write; they developed assignments based on what the curriculum, a course of study developed by some politicians at the Board of Education, told them to do. This work was so far removed from what we, as students were experiencing in our own lives, and the assignments were so boring that they could have put an insomniac to sleep. However, my life changed the day I met my Junior English teacher, Mr. Clark Duncan. Clark Duncan was an interesting man, especially when you contrasted him with the surroundings in Graves County. Most of the men in Graves lived their days in work clothes, with at least one article of camouflage attached to their outfits at any given time. Almost every jean pocket showed the wear from a Skoal can because no true Graves man would work or socialize without a dip in his mouth. The most common calls that the police received were from residents who were concerned because the neighbor’s cows had gotten loose and were standing in the middle of the road keeping them from getting to work at the tire plant. In short, my town and the surrounding county, were about as country as a town can be. Everyone knew that when Mr. Duncan walked in, he must be from another place altogether. As he stepped over the threshold into my English class, his highly polished, patent leather wing tips were the first thing I noticed. This man was J Crew in a sea of Carhartt. He wore a tan, cotton suit which looked like something out of the Great Gatsby, and he glided across the floor with a smoothness that a person does not achieve when wearing a pair of Justin boots. His hair was parted and smoothed, almost like glass was shimmering on the surface, but, amazingly, he looked effortless and at ease within the confines of a classroom filled with the daughters and sons of plant operators. While I may have been enamored of this new teacher, the quiet insults started almost immediately. I heard someone say, â€Å"What a fruit,† from the back of the room, loud enough for the class to hear, but just quiet enough for the teacher to be unaware of the declaration against his manhood. It didn’t help that Mr. Duncan was wearing a large tote bag to carry his books which amounted to a large handbag. Some students sniggered that they would be talking to their parents and getting out of the class immediately before Duncan’s gayness rubbed off on them. However cruel the other students were being, it all stopped when Duncan opened his mouth. â€Å"Your county has some of the worst literacy rates in the state. According to your test scores, most of you can barely even read or write. I will be honest with you; I think that the current curriculum breeds stupidity and is only appropriate for people who aspire to complete mediocrity. I may only last one year, but I am, from this point forth, deciding not to follow the curriculum. You can leave your books under your desk, because you will not be needing them. In this class, we will dwell on our ability to think and communicate, not our ability to memorize the balcony speech from Romeo and Juliet. You have the option of leaving this class if you aspire to mediocrity and do not wish to be challenged.† You could have heard a pin drop when Duncan finished his speech. Not a single person left the room, but I do not know if it is necessarily because they had a wish to be challenged by this new teacher. Rather, I think everyone was in shock. This man, who everyone had immediately decided must have been a sissy pushover, had just attacked the very foundations of our local educational system. There was no doubt that he was correct that we had been living in a haze of poorly-planned assignments and simple memorization tests, but no teacher had dared to question these methods before. We all knew that Duncan must have been something different. In the weeks that followed, Duncan challenged every student sitting in that room. We had assignments to write essays analyzing the lyrics to Pink Floyd and Led Zeppelin, who Duncan described as â€Å"trippy.† Most had never even heard of these bands, and the fact that many of their lyrics did not appear to make sense freaked us all out. However, Duncan taught us to look below the surface to find how we, ourselves, could find meaning in the work by examining our past experiences. We read Vonnegut and the Beat Poets and analyzed why we were all stuck in this box of sameness that our ancestors had lived for generations before us. We wrote journals about our fears and aspirations and, through sharing these, learned that many of the other students who seemed to different from us, were really sharing the same experiences. This was the first time in my life that I started to see reading and writing not just as an assignment to muddle through, but also a way to connect with the rich humanity which surrounded me. Mr. Duncan was correct when he stated that he could only last a year at our school. After the school board caught wind of all of the things he had been teaching in his class, he was unceremoniously fired right when the summer began. The next year, we went back to memorizing speeches from Shakespeare, but Duncan forever left a mark on me as a student. I went from being a student who hated to read and write to a student who saw writing as a means to gain further knowledge of my fellow citizens of the world as well as further knowledge of myself. I am a better communicator in every aspect of my life because of Clark Duncan, the so-called â€Å"fruit† who took on the Kentucky educational system, singlehandedly.

Customer Relationship Management and Sales Force

Chapter7 ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. How is e-business â€Å"redefining old business models, with the aid of technology, to maximize customer value? e-business is more than just buying and selling of products and services through the means of digital media. Whereas e-commerce concentrates on buying and selling, e-business encompasses e-commerce and a whole lot more. For example, e-business includes both front – and back-office applications that form the engine for modern business. e-business is redefining old business models through the aid of technology, to maximize customer value. -business is the use of the Internet and other networks and information technologies to support electronic commerce, enterprise communications and collaboration, and Web-enabled business processes both within an internetworked enterprise, and with its customers and business partners. 2. Why is there a trend toward cross-functional integrated enterprise systems in business? Cross-functional information systems are integrated combinations of business information systems that share information resources across the functional units of an organization.Integrated systems allow the same data to be used for multiple applications; information output from one function can easily become data input to another function. Only one integrated database needs to be maintained. Many organizations are using information technology to develop integrated cross-functional enterprise systems that cross the boundaries of traditional business functions in order to reengineer and improve vital business processes all across the enterprise.These organizations view cross-functional enterprise systems as a strategic way to use IT to share information resources and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business processes, thus helping an e-business attain its strategic objectives. 3. Do you agree that â€Å"ERP is the backbone of e-Business†? Why or why not? it can be argued that enterpr ise resource planning (ERP) could certainly be considered the backbone of e-business. Businesses today must be deeply involved in coordinating and conducting business in the new economy.Through technologies such as the Internet and other networks and information technologies businesses are able to support electronic commerce, enterprise communications and collaboration, and Web-enabled business processes both within an internetworked enterprise, and with its customers and business partners. 4. Refer to the Real World Case on Charles Schwab and Others in this chapter. What are the most important HR applications a company should offer to its employees via a Web-based system? Why?There are a number of important HR applications that a company can and should offer their employees via a Web-based system. No matter what applications a company provides it must ensure that they are accurate, up to date, and provide the employees with the information they want. The purpose of the system is to free up the time for HR management to be more efficient in planning HR strategies than being burdened with boring paper work. For the employees, they want to be able to have access to the information that pertains to them, and the information that they need to satisfy their inquiry.Employees are interested in issues such as pay and benefits, pension funds, stock options, vacation time, career opportunities, training and development initiatives, and other related personnel issues. 5. How do you think sales force automation affects salesperson productivity, marketing management, and competitive advantage? Sales force automation is the use of computers to automate sales recording and reporting by sales people as well as communications and sales support.It improves productivity by saving time otherwise spent on manual creation of records, reports, and presentations; it improves communications and accessibility to information to support sales activities; and it may help in planning sale s tactics. Increasingly, computers and networks are providing the basis for sales force automation. In many companies, the sales force is being outfitted with notebook computers that connect them to Web browsers, and sales contact management software that connect them to marketing websites on the Internet, extranets, and their company intranets.Sales force automation has resulted in increasing the personal productivity of salespeople, dramatically speed up the capture and analysis of sales data from the field to marketing managers at company headquarters, allows marketing and sales management to improve the delivery of information and the support they provide to their salespeople. Many companies view sales force automation as a way to gain a strategic advantage in sales productivity and marketing responsiveness. 6. How can Internet technologies be involved in improving a process in one of the functions of business?Choose one example and evaluate its business value. it will be relati vely easy for them to choose from any of the various functions of business such as accounting, marketing, manufacturing, retailing, operations, and so on. In response to this question, the accounting function was chosen. Accounting information systems are being affected by Internet and client/server technologies. Using the Internet, intranets, extranets, and other network changes have been made to the traditional methods of capturing and processing accounting data.As well, these technologies have assisted in how accounting information systems are being used to monitor and track business activity. The online, interactive nature of such networks calls for new forms of transaction documents, procedures, and controls. Many companies are using or developing network links to their trading partners through the use of the Internet or other networks for applications such as order processing inventory control, accounts receivable, and accounts payable.These advances in the accounting function have resulted in major improvements in the capturing, reporting, processing, and increased accuracy of the data. Thus, realtime processing of accounting information enables executives to make better and more informed decisions involving their firm’s resources. 7. How can the Internet technologies improve customer relationships, and service for a business? CRM is described as a cross-functional e-business application that integrates and automates many customer-serving processes in sales, direct marketing, accounting and order management, and customer service and support.Examples of business benefits of customer relationship management include: †¢CRM allows a business to identify and target their best customers; those who are the most profitable to the business, so they can be retained as lifelong customers for greater and more profitable services. †¢CRM enables real-time customization and personalization of products and services based on customer wants, needs, buyin g habits, and life cycles. †¢CRM can keep track of when a customer contacts the company, regardless of the contact point. CRM enables a company to provide a consistent customer experience and superior service and support across all the contact points a customer chooses. The key to survival today is through improved customer relationships. The Internet has enabled interactive marketing between a business and its customers. The Internet can improve customer value, as the customer becomes closer to the business. Through interactive marketing methods, the needs of the customer are being better served. Relationships between customers and business are also greatly enhanced, and businesses are better able to provide their customers with the services requested. . Refer to the Real World Case Harrah’s, DuPont, and Otis at the end of the chapter. What are several e-business applications that you might recommend to a small company to help it survive and succeed in challenging econo mic times? Why? Small businesses as well as large businesses must make serious attempts to ensure that they have a Web presence. Customers are turning to the Web as a means of conducting business, and the growth in B2B has been exceptional. Final consumers are also ordering more products and services through the use of technology such as the Web.Small businesses can also have a successful website where they can offer their products and services to customers. Ensuring that the site is easy to navigate and order from is a major key to its success. If you are not going to actually sell products and services online, you can still use e-business applications to order from your suppliers online. By doing so, small businesses order products for just-in-time delivery, reduce inventory charges, and enable them to shop / â€Å"click† around for better deals. 9. Which of the 14 tools for enterprise collaboration summarized in Figure 7. 13 do you feel are essential for any business to ha ve today?Which of them do you feel are optional, depending on the type of business or other factor? Explain. This question will vary, and much depends on what type of organization they are applying these enterprise collaboration tools to. For this exercise we will assume that the student is applying the tools to an engineering environment requirement where the job is being designed in the United States, but being constructed in Argentina. Students can easily include and justify the requirement for all of the tools outlined in the electronic communication, electronic conferencing, and collaborative work management tools.However, if a student were to present the case of a university who does not offer extension courses, they may feel that there is no requirement for the school to use electronic conferencing tools. 10. What is the role and business value of using Internet technologies in supply chain management? The goal of supply chain management is to give customers what they want, w here they want it, and at the lowest possible cost. The goal of SCM is to: †¢Reduce costs †¢Increase efficiency †¢Increase profits †¢Improve supply chain cycle times Improve performance in relationships with customers and suppliers †¢Develop value-added services that give a company a competitive edge According to the Advanced Management Council, supply chain management has three business objectives: †¢Get the right product to the right place at the least cost. †¢Keep inventory as low as possible and still offers superior customer service. †¢Reduce cycle times. Supply chain management seeks to simplify and accelerate operations that deal with how customer orders are processed through the system and ultimately filled, as well as how raw materials are acquired and delivered for manufacturing processes.Businesses are increasingly dependent upon Internet technologies to improve their efficiencies. For example, companies are spending time and resour ces in improving their systems with those of their customers, partners, and suppliers. Through these improved systems, companies are better able to integrate interenterprise supply processes in order to improve manufacturing and distribution effectiveness. Companies are given SCM top priority and making it a large part of their e-business initiatives. By serving their customers better than their competitors, they are able to maintain and perhaps gain market share.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 25

Leadership - Essay Example An important skill that leaders must possess is communication skills. A good leader must have superb verbal and written communication skills. Verbal communication skills are required to inspire others to achieve a higher level of performance. Managers are responsible over the performance of the company and its entire staff. Excellent communication skills are needed by managers because they are require to submit different reports to a variety of stakeholder groups which include lenders, employees, suppliers, government, board of directors, and investors. Active listening skills are important for leaders to possess. The use of active listening implies fully concentrating on what is being said rather than just passively ‘hearing’ the message of the speaker (Skillsyouneed). A leader must have excellent analytical abilities due to the fact that leaders are exposed to vast amounts of information. He must be able to dissect information in order to make good operating decisions. Since leaders have to interact with lots of persons the leader must have good people and interpersonal skills. â€Å"Interpersonal skills are measures of how adept you are at interacting with others† (Ncsu). Leaders are assertive and have confidence in themselves. Two important abilities that leaders have are collaboration and teamwork. Teamwork has become a critical success factor in the 21st century. Leadership skills can be enhanced through the use of teamwork. Negotiation skills are also a part of the skill set of a leader. An important role that a leader must perform is to motivate others. A technique that leaders such as managers can use to motivate others is intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. An example of an extrinsic reward is offering financial incentives such as bon uses, while an intrinsic reward could be giving an employee a pad in the back for a job well done. Using teamwork can help develop the leadership, communication, and problem solving skills of the staff. A

Teaching Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching Project - Assignment Example In terms of the appropriate level since the objective of in teaching endotracheal tube nursing care is for the students to provide safe patient care in using endotracheal tubes, it would seem more appropriate that teaching would not only focus on theories but also on hands-on learning. Since the group is composed of students who will experience this material for the first time, a concise and practical way of presenting the material would prove to be easier to absorb. Practical in the sense that the material would be presented in terms of its importance in real-life practice of the nursing profession as far as this area of patient care is concerned. After having learned the theories relating to endotracheal tube nursing care, students should apply the information they have learned in class through situational exercises in the classroom, which would somehow assess how much they've learned and their ability to demonstrate this knowledge in real life situations. Based on the stated objective which is "Students will be able to perform endotracheal tube nursing care," such an objective if assessed using Bloom's taxonomy, the level of objectives that was set for teaching the students is more on performance. Although the content of the teaching plan includes "knowing" the purpose of the procedure, equipments needed, preparation, post procedure, outcome, and documentation, the bottom line is on whether or not the student would be able to perform the said procedure after all this intellectual input. Therefore, the objectives are in the level of psychomotor, as students would be evaluated if whether or not they would be able to perform endotracheal tube nursing care and consequently provide safe patient care. Teaching Method The teaching method that would best meet the group's need would be through equipment demonstration, lecture and the use of relevant CD-ROMS. These methods are seen to be essential in learning and understanding as well as applying knowledge into real life practice. Demonstrating the equipment used will not only give the students of what kind of equipments are involved, but they will also know what it is called, its function and how they would use it. The lecture provides theories and other important information on the matter as well as an opportunity for the students to equip themselves with the knowledge needed to be able to perform a particular task. The use of CD-ROMS would also help in reinforcing the information given during the lecture. It can also serve as a window of opportunity to illustrate and show students the picture behind the words they heard during the lecture. The method of teaching used can be categorized as direct teaching, because it is the teacher who mostly does all the work as will be manifested in equipment demonstration, lecture and CD-ROM. As such, direct teaching needs to be prepared and organized in advance and this includes teacher's having information about their students' prerequisites for the lesson. The advantages of this method of teaching are: there is a specific target for learning, students are given reasons on why the content is important and thus helps to clarify the lesson's objectives. It makes measuring of student's input relatively easy, it is a widely accepted and used

Application for Head Teacher Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Application for Head Teacher Position - Essay Example I will achieve this by reviewing and simplifying the customer facing processes (NSW Department of Education and Communities). I have worked in the position of a head teacher for three years. Therefore, I will bring the experiences I have gained working as both a faculty manager and a head teacher. In addition, I have a bachelor’s degree on Information Technology, which will enable me steer the development of online resources. Getting an opportunity to work as a head teacher will enable me improve, develop, and sustain high quality skills in teaching. The head teacher opportunity will also develop my skills in financial management like operational budgets and using programs like TIPA, BUDDY, and COST IT. Besides the skills gained from my previous experiences, I am very creative and a problem solver. I hope my achievements, nominations, and awards will Illustrate my character and make me a suitable candidate for this position (NSW Department of Education and

Brand Extension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brand Extension - Essay Example The strength of a brand is determined by the degree of positive attitudes that the consumers possess about it which needs to be transitioned very carefully in the new markets - like innovation, value for money, shorter order fulfilment time, effective customization as per customer needs, rewarding premium customers, etc. Loken and John (1993) argued that brand extension planning should comprise of extensive risk assessment of threats to the existing brand equity of the organization. The organization should be specifically cautious about risk of dilution of certain beliefs that the customers may be possessing about the original brand because the extended brand may contain attributes that may be incompatible with those of the established brand. Loken & John et al. ... Example, if a CRT based television manufacturer introduces computers and fails miserably, there are lesser chances of their flagship brand getting diluted. The researchers focussed on the flagship brand of Johnson's Baby Shampoo and studied impact of extended product line comprising of baby powder, baby oil, baby lotion, bandages & dental floss with respect to brand dilution due to reduced hygiene. They discovered that perception of reduced hygiene in any of these will result in dilution of all other brands including the flagship brand of baby shampoo. Yueng and Wyer (2005) probably have the answer to this phenomenon because they could prove through a complex research that "When a brand spontaneously elicits affective reactions, consumers appear to form an initial impression of the brand's new extension based on these reactions". Volkner and Sattler (2006) could establish determinants of brand extension success as - parent brand characteristics, marketing context of the target brand extension, relationship between parent brand & the brand extension and product category & characteristics of the brand extension in terms of perceived risk & consumer innovativeness. They gave special emphasis to management wisdom in mediating and moderating effects. Author's Perspective on Brand Extensions The author hereby argues that brand extension is an important brand growth strategy but needs specialist class analytics and intensive market research before arriving at the characteristics of the extended branding. This definitely should not be viewed as the short cut to success by using the existing established brand as the vehicle that is easy to

Comparison the methods of the back up in ( Macintosh Apple and Windows Literature review

Comparison the methods of the back up in ( Macintosh Apple and Windows ) - Literature review Example In any computer system, one of the most important aspects is to maintain effective backup. In computer, any kind of threats can damage the important files and valuable resources. Internal factors such as power fluctuations, faults in hard drive and system conflicts among other aspects can endanger the data. Moreover, several external factors such as fire outrage, flood or earthquake can also threaten the valuable data. In traditional times, people usually maintained data on paper and thus, they were only concerned about external threats. Besides, most people also did not make copy of every record, thus the loss was devastating. However, in present days, the data is recorded in a digital format, making it vulnerable to both internal as well as external threats. Nevertheless, the digital information has allowed for simple procedure of data back up in multiple places by using different applications1. According to Vesperman (2002), information in computer is stored in hard disk. Hard disk has moving components and the data in hard disk can wear out sooner or later. Thus, there is a need for maintaining copy of data in other places2. Backup is regarded as the representative copy of data. This copy comprises vital parts of system such as control files and data files. When the original data is lost or corrupted by any external or internal factors, the backup file is used to restore the physical files. In any catastrophic incident, database backup is considered as the prime method to successfully recuperate the data. Furthermore, restoring and recovering data from backup files can be operationally beneficial3. There are a variety of media that can be used for backup such as CDs, DVDs and removable disks among others. The backup media arrives with software which requests for the data users desire to backup. According to Ruggiero & Heckathorn (2012), disk based storage system provides quick backup and restore

Microeconomics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Microeconomics - Coursework Example It has brought drastic change not only in the mode of business activities, but also communication. It has changed every aspect of human life from studying, working to shopping and socializing. Therefore Internet services have proliferated in every part of this world and its demand is growing every day. Internet services supply in rural areas In this era of the Internet, it has become obvious that sound knowledge of Internet services can lead to success in business, education, research and other avenues. Therefore the demand of the Internet has become high even in rural areas and in every domestic household. The availability of Broadband (high-speed) services has brought revolutionary changes in the demand of Internet services. It is important that the supply of Internet remains equal in all areas. Prieger (2003) has surveyed and concluded that the supply of broadband services is not equal in all areas and there is low availability of the services in rural areas inhabited by poor and minority communities. The other result of this survey is that low supply of Internet in rural areas is due to the low demand in these areas because of market size and low knowledge of computers. A study has construed that broadband services will be unavailable in almost 12 percent of U.S. households because of lack of demand whose one contributory factor is the cost of Internet services (Prieger, 2003, p.347). ... The key factor here is the cost of providing Internet broadband services. In urban areas, due to improved infrastructure and more usage of phone services than rural areas, the supply cost of broadband is low. This makes it convenient for service providers to supply Internet services in rural areas; hence household income is not the considerable factor here (Prieger, 2003, p.359). Moreover, in a developed country like UK, the rural population being considerably lower than urban population, the former does not guarantee high return on investments that need to be made on creating a next-generation broadband. Therefore, it is estimated that almost 33 percent of UK homes will not be supplied with fast broadband services from big internet providers without financial backing from the government. As recently in 2011, there has been an allocation of ? 363 m to develop the broadband services in rural areas of England and Scotland. This is however not considered as sufficient amount to bridge t he supply gap between domestic broadband users and non-users. For instance, Berkshire which has been allocated ? 1.4 m is not likely to receive supply of fast broadband services because it consists of only 8 percent domestic users (Rural Broadband funding ready for England and Scotland, 2011). Household demand of Internet broadband service In America, as part of FCC (Federal Communications Commission), Rosston et al. (2010) have conducted a survey in 2009-2010 to determine the level of household consumer demand of different aspects of the Internet broadband service. A major consideration during this survey was consumers’ eagerness to pay for improved services of eight features of Internet service.

China mitigating the impact of carbon dioxide Essay

China mitigating the impact of carbon dioxide - Essay Example Contrary to numerous states that have alleged both China and US are ignorant of numerous policies that global agencies have instituted to shun climate degradation, it has however tried to implement varied national policies. For instance, China this year revealed its intentions of reducing the CO2 emission levels stated in 2005 by approximately 60-65%. This coupled with other numerous advancements devised and proposed by Chinese government; experts have contended the country seems now to be on the right track towards curbing its excessive CO2 release. However, despite these advancements and proposals by Chinese government, the extent of CO2 emissions from the numerous sprouting industries by the day is still high, which makes the country appear as if is it is not doing enough. One of the policies implemented and currently, in place includes the vehicle exercise taxation. This policy normally compels those owning automobiles with big engines to be parting with a significant amount of t axation that commensurate with the extent of CO2 release. Hence, discouraging people from opting to own vehicles like SUV whose impact through pollution is quite high compared to small engine cars. These laws are extremely stringent compared to those in US but the challenge emerges with double release not only from the automobiles but also from industries. Hence, prompting other global states claim Chinese government does not exhibit the necessary willingness towards curbing this menace, which has ensued to political issues.

Sustainability And Energy Efficiency In Housing Essay

Sustainability And Energy Efficiency In Housing - Essay Example ceiling insulation; area of north-facing windows; floor insulation; amount of thermal mass; wall insulation, etc. (Healy, 2004) Traditional and current practice in relation to health and safety issues in energy efficient and sustainable housing Housing and health outcomes have been related for many years, but only recently this interrelation has acquired sufficient support through changing construction techniques. 'Housing sustains and supports human life and thus housing environments directly and indirectly impact on health, social support, absence of disease, quality of life and well-being'. (Givoni, 1976) This is why housing and energy-efficient sustainable housing should be looked at as one of the fundamental parts of the society as a whole. There has been conducted serious research as for the practices in housing and health outcomes. Promoting construction worker and home occupant health is a strong component of sustainable design. Sustaining the health of construction site workers involves choosing less-toxic material alternatives and providing worker training in specialized installation procedures. There are several strategies that are important for addressing the health of home occupants over the long term. These i nclude designs that provide for foundation radon venting in areas where radon is a concern. (Sunnikka, 2000) Energy-sufficient sustainable housing is the notion which includes the role of health of the future residents; for example, in the energy-efficient housing indoor temperatures are stabilized through the use of the adequate thermal mass (Williamson & Bennets, 2002), which ultimately leads to the decrease of the diseases which are directly connected with the rapid changes of temperatures (it is especially relevant... This essay stresses that the interrelation of housing, energy efficneicy, sustainability and health outocomes have acquired additional meaning in the recent years through understanding that the threats of energy and ecological crises should be reduced in every area possible. Housing has become the means of teaching people how to save finances through building and adjusting houses to energy-saving technologies, thus making the environment suitable for living. This paper makes a conclusion that many European and other countries have developed a number of policies in relation to energy efficiency in housing; making it state program and priority for the aims of general health improvements as well as with understanding that energy efficiency should be promoted at the state level to make it work effectively. Such policies include basic requirements to each type of construction and housing stage, starting with the siting of the house, finishing with the position of windows and level of wall and ceiling insulation. Design of sustainable houses is acquiring more popularity; despite stating that new houses are becoming less affordable, and energy saving technologies are too expensive to be implemented across all layers of society, it is understandable, that with the help of various state policies the realization of these aims will become real and will lead to the improved design of houses in general, as well as to higher energy efficiency which is achieved through following basic housing and construction requirements.

Describe people of the 7Ps in a report using your chosen company Essay Example for Free

Describe people of the 7Ps in a report using your chosen company Essay Introduction: For this assignment I am going to explain one of the 7Ps. In this case I am going to describe people for my chosen company, DELL. A board of directors of nine people runs the company. Michael Dell, the founder of the company, serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Other board members include Don Carty, William Gray, Judy Lewent, Klaus Luft, Alex Mandl, Michael A. Miles, and Sam Nunn. Shareholders elect the nine board members at meetings, and those board members who do not get a majority of votes must submit a resignation to the board, which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept the resignation. The board of directors usually sets up five committees having oversight over specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues, including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Finance Committee, which handles financial matters such as proposed mergers and acquisitions; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters (including nomination of the board); and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which attempts to prevent company practices from violating antitrust laws. The corporate structure and management of Dell extends beyond the board of directors. The Dell Global Executive Management Committee sets strategic directions. Dell has regional senior vice-presidents for countries other than the United States, including David Marmonti for EMEA and Stephen J. Felice for Asia/Japan. As of 2007[update], other officers included Martin Garvin (senior vice president for worldwide procurement) and Susan E. Sheskey (vice president and Chief Information Officer). Conclusion: DELL has got a huge inside organisation with a lot of employees and managers. Read Also:Â  What is a Descriptive Essay

Event Planning for Homeless Charity

Event Planning for Homeless Charity Michelle VillaruzBryan Rodriguez Tommy ThuChris Serrano Giveaways: A Charity Event Helping the Homeless Mission: Accomplish a well done community service for our nations neighborhoods that are experiencing homelessness and initiate an essential way of getting resources. Project Description: Conception The homeless need food, drinks, and bath and body essentials. Planning Catering to up to 75 homeless individuals, complete all tasks in three weeks. Retrieve $600 funds (Donations, Salvation Army, (San Francisco) Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing) Start collecting goods and equipment (tents, tables, trash bags) to set up the charity event Find volunteers (product counter, assistants, drivers) Promote Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, date and time TBD Execution The turn out of the charity event goes well with the homeless retrieving their goods. Termination Clean up. Project Product: Homeless retrieving food, drinks, and hygiene products. Milestones: Funds and donations retrieved Resources complete (Volunteers, perishable items, equipment (tents, tables and trash bags, etc.) Make a website (Facebook page) + other promotions Search for a safe neighborhood park Set up date, time, check weather The turn up is real and moving well Assumptions: Everything goes as planned with cost, resources and time. If we do not make $600 in funds, well set another date for the event until we do If we do not have enough resources (volunteers, equipment, items) well make do with what we have Proposal Outline for Charity Event Helping the homeless Giveaways Executive Summary Homelessness is a huge issue in San Francisco Bay Area as well as the United States as a whole. Unfortunately, there are approximately 600,000 Homeless in America alone. Our team leader Bryan has requested ways to potentially fundraise for homeless and create ideas for a solution to homeless. His request includes different methods such as researching and fundraising. To create these ideas a basic knowledge on homelessness was needed. This included what it was like to be homeless and how some people became homeless. After gaining some knowledge of homelessness it was necessary to find ways to both raise awareness for homelessness as well as ways to fundraise for our non-profit organizations Fund. Problem a brief statement of the problem or need (one to two paragraphs) The homeless need food, drinks, and bath and body products and we will hold a charity event that will cater to their needs. Solution a short description of the project that includes what will take place, the benefit, how and where it will operate / work, for how long and who will staff it (one to two paragraphs) Well collect donations (food, drinks, bath and body products) and purchase water bottles. Funding requirements an explanation of the amount of money required for the project and future funding plans (one paragraph) The Salvation Army, The San Francisco Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing are who we are planning on getting funds from. Well be collecting essential donations. Organization and its expertise -name, history, purpose, activities and capacity to carry out the proposal(one paragraph) Giveaways is a charity event held to cater to the homeless. It will be held in neighborhood parks. Donations of food, drinks, and hygiene products will be given away. Our team of volunteers will help make this work. With some funding from the Salvation Army and the SF Dept. of Homelessness and Supportive housing, we hope to carry out these good deeds. Statement of Need Three paragraphs that allow the reader to learn more about the issues, presents the facts and evidence that support the need for the project and establishes that your non-profit understands and can address the problem. -Use accurate, specific facts / data to support the project and illustrate the need. -Provide an example that hits home. -Provide hope (i.e. dont just talk about how bad run-off from development, emphasize what can be done about it) -Put a human face on it, provide real life examples and emphasize the needs of those served We need funds, donations, equipment, volunteers to successfully cater to the homeless. Project Description (See Above) Nuts and bolts of the project -Describe the project in a way that is interesting / compelling -Five sections OObjectives Define measurable improvements in behavior, performance, process or a tangible item that will result from the project. OMethods A detailed description of the activities leading to achieving the objectives that includes how, when (project timeline), and why the methods will work. OStaffing / Administration A short description of the number of staff, their qualifications and what they will be doing. OEvaluation A description of how the organization and the funder will know the project is a success. What methods will be used to evaluate success? What types of measures -qualitative or quantitative? Remember that success is not just completing a list of activitieswhat is the impact of the activity on achieving the objectives? Who will measure success? OSustainability Since funders rarely want to make a long term commitment to one organization, they want to know that the project will attract other funders. Evidence of current funding (for larger projects) is helpful and may be requested. Budget Provide a summary of direct and indirect expenses, as well as anticipated revenue, for the completion of the project. For ease of understanding, this summary is usually in the form of a chart and includes narrative to explain anything unusual. Estimated Labor Volunteers Estimated Materials 200 Estimated Contractors None Estimated Equipment and Facilities 400 Estimated Travel 15 Total Estimated Cost 815 Organizational Information (See Above) History, mission, and project fit within the mission, structure, programs and expertise, board, activities, staff, audience served, special needs of audience, why we are needed, and number of people reached through our programs. (one to two pages, maximum) Conclusion A concluding paragraph or two that is used to make a final pitch for the project. Everything goes as planned. Resources, cost, and time are met. Our clients (the homeless in San Francisco) have retrieved their essentials. Standard Proposal Letter Outline (a short version of the full length proposal) Ask for the gift -why you are writing and the funding request   Ã‚  

Modernisme in de architectuur

Modernisme in de architectuur Inleiding Het modernisme in de architectuur, dat zijn ontstaan vond rond de jaren 20 van vorige eeuw, maakt vandaag de dag duidelijk deel uit van de architectuurgeschiedenis en is op deze manier deel van de traditie die zich onbewust voortzet in ons denken over architectuur. De kerngedachte van het modernisme is echter samen met zijn grootste pionier, Le Corbusier, gestorven. Het modernisme is een belangrijke inspiratiebron geweest voor verscheidene denkers in architectuur en daarbuiten. Omdat ze voor een radicale breuk zorgde met de bestaande traditie in het denken over architectuur en het realiseren van ideeà «n. Maar na onderzoek te verrichten binnen het modernisme, blijkt er een verschil te zijn tussen het schoolse voorbeeld van modernisme en de toepassing op woningen. Zo vindt men de basis ideologie wel terug, maar hanteert men in woningen zachtere en voorzichtigere toepassingen. pDe kerngedachte van het modernisme stond haaks op wat de overblijfselen van de 19de eeuwse architectuur, die zich vooral richtte op de faà §aden van woningen, ons toont. Er was niet veel sprake van leef- en woonkwaliteit, en de modernisten trachtten hierin een verandering te brengen, het interieur moest als een woonmachine beschouwd worden. Hierbij krijgt het functionele karakter voorrang op de vorm, waarbij licht, lucht en zicht vooropgesteld werd. Ontwerpers verlaten het ornament en zoeken naar eenvoud en eerlijkheid. Sobere en geometrische vormgeving wordt verwezenlijkt door het gebruik van moderne materialen. Op vlak van interieur betekende dit vooral dat er meer open ruimtes gecreà «erd werden, muren worden weggelaten, elektrisch licht die vanuit techniek omgezet wordt naar vormgeving. Inbouwmeubilair werd niet langer beschouwd als een meubel, maar nam plaats in als onderdeel van de ontworpen ruimte. Nog een belangrijke aanpassing was een eigen voordeur als onderdeel van de identiteit van elke woning, wat voorheen niet gebruikelijk was. Het modernisme diende als inspiratiebron op gebied van vormentaal, werkwijze en materialen in de latere stromingen. Vele van deze stromingen zijn echter een zwak afstammeling van wat het modernisme voor de architectuur betekend heeft. Wat de modernisten vaak verweten wordt, is dat de ruimtes die ze verwezenlijkten niet bestemd waren om in te wonen. De oorzaak is volgens ons te vinden bij de oorsprong van hun inspiratie. Modernisten hanteerden principes die afgeleid waren van gebouwen die de tand des tijd doorstaan hebben. Zo vond Le Corbusier zijn typologie uit tempels, die voor hem zuiverheid voorstelden. Ook Mies Van der Rohe tekende ruimtes die een meerwaarde bieden, maar die niet gebouwd zijn met de noden van een samenleving in het achterhoofd. Ze zijn het product van een denken, en zijn dus logischerwijze ook een product van de tijd waarin Mies van de Rohe leefde. Maar anderzijds wilde hij zich bezighouden met de architectuur op zich, en niet met de fenomenen die zich aandienden in de maatschappij. Zijn architectuur is op een bepaalde wijze volmaakt en correct, en net daarom wordt ze onbewoonbaar. Le Corbusier, echter, hield er geschriften op na waaruit zijn diepgaande interesse in de maatschappij bleek en de mate waarin zijn architectuur in die maatschappij voluit kon functioneren. Standaardisatie is, kort omschreven, wat Le Corbusier propageerde een kleine honderd jaar geleden. En dit is juist de paradox van het modernisme. Enerzijds brengt het vernieuwing teweeg, gesteund door idealisme dat onze grenzen verlegt. Maar eenmaal die vernieuwing voor weelde zorgt, verdwijnt het idealisme. De vernieuwing verspreidt zich niet meer, maar evolueert ter plaatse. Een belangrijke zijstroming van het modernisme, is het functionalisme, ook wel het Nieuwe Bouwen genoemd. Deze term wordt in de Nederlandse architectuurgeschiedenis gehanteerd tussen 1925 en 1940 voor modernistische architectuur binnen Nederland. Het gaat niet noodzakelijk om een nieuwe bouwstijl, maar eerder een nieuwe bouworganisatie, die een antwoord moest bieden aan de economische en demografische schaalvergroting, die problematisch bleek in die tijd. De aanhangers van het modernisme waren er van overtuigd dat de stijgende bevolkingsdensiteit niet langer kon gehuisvest worden, indien men bleef vasthouden aan de gebruikelijke manier van bouwen. Standaardisatie en schaalvergroting stonden centraal bij het functionalisme. De voorgestelde oplossingen bleken echter radicaal. Ze richtten zich op collectieve bouw, met praktische indeling, comfort en licht. De publieke ruimte werd voorzien van parken en pleinen. Ontwerpers trachtten de confrontatie met de straat, die in hun ogen te direct was, te veranderen. Zonlicht en natuur dienden de agressiviteit van de straten te verzachten. Naar woningen toe werd dit uitgebreid door ruim verglaasde gevels te plaatsen. Zadeldaken, schoorstenen en donkere gevels werden vervangen door pleisterwerk, glas- en metaalconstructies. In de ogen van modernisten waren dit, stuk voor stuk, nederige materialen die waardevol bleken vanwege de inherente schoonheid van hun lijnvoering en vormgeving die ze teweeg brachten.1 De gebouwen hadden een zwaar uiterlijk, maar stonden dankzij staal- en gewapend betonconstructies verheven boven het straatniveau. Architecten die tot het Nieuwe Bouwen gerekend werden, vonden steun bij het Bauhaus en Le Corbusier. Ze groepeerden zich in de 8 en Opbouw, waaronder Van Eesteren, B. Bijvoet, J. Duikers, W. Van Tijen, J.J. Van Loghem, J.J.P. Oud, J.A. Brinkman en L.C. Van der Vlught. Deze laatste twee hebben de Van Nellefabriek in Rotte rdam verwezenlijkt en zijn zeker noemenswaardige architecten binnen deze stijl. Wat ze voor ons in deze essay belangrijk maakt, zijn hun bewoonbare woontypologie. Een van die huizen is het inmiddels gerestaureerde woonmuseum Huis Sonneveld. Het huis Sonneveld is ondertussen een boegbeeld geworden voor het Nieuwe Bouwen. Huis Sonneveld Om het modernisme in zijn totaal beeld beter te begrijpen, leek het ons het beste een concreet voorbeeld te bespreken en hierin alle aspecten van het tijdsbeeld duidelijk te maken. De verwezenlijking dat ons hiervoor uitermate geschikt leek, is het reeds eerder vermelde huis Sonneveld. Sonneveld is gelegen aan de Jongkindstraat nabij het museumpark in Rotterdam. De woning werd omstreeks 1933 ontworpen door het architectenbureau Brinkman en Van der Vlugt. Zij hadden eveneens de fabriek ontworpen voor Albertus Sonneveld. Deze laatste was zodoende tevreden dat hij een verzoek deed om zijn woning ook te ontwerpen. A. Sonneveld was een vicedirecteur van de Van Nellefabriek in Rotterdam. Door zijn reizen naar Amerika wist hij wat er zich afspeelde op gebied van hygià «ne, luxe en comfort. Van zijn functionalistische architecten verwachte hij ook niet anders dan dat dit ook werd toegepast op zijn woning. De opdrachtgever was gefascineerd door technologie die het dagelijkse leven kon vereenvoudigen. Huis Sonneveld wordt gekenmerkt door gesamtkunstwerk. De betrokken architecten hebben weliswaar niet alles zelf ontworpen, maar waren bij elk aspect van de woning betrokken. Op deze manier hebben ze doorheen het hele gebouw hun stempel opdrukken. De woning wordt gekenmerkt door licht, lucht en ruimte. De vaststelling bleek duidelijk door het kijken naar de architectuur, het kleurgebruik en het interieur met modernistisch meubilair. Als we enkel naar het exterieur van het gebouw kijken, merken we veel gelijkenissen op met de bekendere architect, Le Corbusier. Huis Sonneveld werd opgebouwd uit drie bouwlagen met bovenop een dakterras. De voor- en achtergevel zijn witgepleisterd en bevatten bandramen om een relatie te creà «ren tussen binnen en buiten. Le Corbusier ontwierp woonmodules gelijkaardig aan waaruit deze woning is opgebouwd. De woonmodules worden op elkaar gestapeld en men tracht de buitenwereld binnen te halen. Vandaag is er niet veel meer van te merken, aangezien de natuurlijke omgeving in Rotterdam heeft plaatsgemaakt voor een museumpark. De toegepaste panoramavensters, het dakterras, de witte gevel en een vrij plan, vinden we ook reeds terug in de pijlers van Le Corbusier. Om een vrij plan te verzekeren werd een staalskelet toegepast. Betonvloeren verzekerde grotere overspanningen, waarbij men de aftekening van de bekisting in sommige ruimtes nog zichtbaar liet. Er wordt gespeeld met een verbinding tussen binnen en buiten, deels door een accurate toepassing van glas, anderzijds door open elementen te hanteren. Alle vertrekken staan in directe toegang met de tuin of de verscheidene terrassen. Deze verbinding geeft dat de woning verlengd wordt van het interieur naar buiten toe. De ruime en talrijke buitenruimtes bieden lucht en ruimte aan het geheel. Behalve de woning, werd ook de tuin en het volledige interieur ontworpen door de architecten Brinkman en Van der Vlugt. Beschrijving ontwerp De ideologie van het modernisme, het Nieuwe Bouwen, is duidelijk terug te vinden in het interieur van Huis Sonneveld. Zo werd er gebruik gemaakt van materialen die het tijdperk kenmerken. In de woning treffen we betonnen vloeren, stalen kolommen en stalen kozijnen aan. Die kozijnen zijn inmiddels tijdens de restauratie vervangen door aluminium kozijnen. Door de toepassing van een stalen skeletbouw werd de woning vrijgesteld van dragende wanden. Zoals het werd voorgedaan door Le Corbusier, werd de binnenruimte ingedeeld met een vrij plan en bandramen, die een overvloedige lichtinval verzekeren. Het platte dak biedt een plaats voor het dakterras. Van de drie bouwlagen, is de begane grond van het huis de enige die geen woonfunctie bevatte, vergelijkbaar met Villa Savoie van Le Corbusier dat enkele jaren voordien werd opgeleverd. Op dit niveau bevond zich de inkom, een garage en de dienstenvertrekken. Ook bevond zich hier de studeerruimte van de dochters Sonneveld. Aan de benedenverdieping te zien, is het duidelijk dat het hier om een kapitaalkrachtig gezin ging. De twee bedienden die steeds aanwezig waren in de woning beschikten over een eigen slaapkamer en een bescheiden leefruimte, afgescheiden van de werkgevers. Deze verdieping onderscheidt zich van de bovenliggende verdiepingen die de woning huisvesten van de familie Sonneveld. Men ontving gasten in de hal, waarna deze via de trap naar de woonvertrekken van het gezin kon worden geleid. Deze brede trap is bekleed met zwart marmer, waar rubber op stroken is bevestigd om het geluid te dempen. De trap draait als een schroef door het hele huis. De centrale as is open en de glanzend chromen leuningen werken als feestelijke serpentines, die de vorm begeleiden. Voor het personeel was er een apart trappenhuis voorzien om zich in alle bescheidenheid over de verdiepingen te begeven. Deze stond in directe verbinding met de keuken en een elektrische lift voor de afgeleverde goederen. Men had echt nagedacht over circulatie, privacy en voornamelijk technologie. De indeling van deze verdieping werd open opgevat. De ontwerper concipieerde een leefniveau met vloeiende overgangen. Men kiest voor een enkele leefruimte te ontwerpen, waarbinnen alle handelingen kunnen gebeuren, maar waarbij men steeds opteert de connecties van andere functies te betrekken. Echter blijkt wel dat er hier een beetje voorzichtig werd omgesprongen met die openheid. Er is namelijk een afscheidende schuifwand aanwezig. Hierin onderscheidt het Huis Sonneveld zich wel met het modernisme in vergelijking met Le Corbusier, waarbij meer gedurfd wordt te experimenteren met het vrije plan. Aan de andere kant kan dit ook toespelen op de discussie, i.v.m. de leefbaarheid van het modernisme. De schuifwand scheidt namelijk de woonkamer af van de bibliotheek en de eetkamer, waardoor binnen het gezin een soort van privacy kan gegarandeerd worden. De meubels die in deze ruimte zijn geplaatst, werden door de architecten en de opdrachtgever uitgekozen via een catalogus van Gispen Dat voor A. Sonneveld technische voorzieningen een vereiste was, is eerder al vermeld. Maar wat opmerkelijk blijft, is de doorgedrevenheid van die technische voorzieningen. Zo zou de woning vandaag nog steeds beschouwd kunnen worden als een luxewoning. Een ingebouwde luidspreker verbond tien telefoontoestellen, voor de communicatie binnenshuis. Twee andere telefoontoestellen verzorgde communicatie met de buitenwereld. De goederenlift die zich naast de openhaard bevond, werd gebruikt om hout vanuit de kelder naar boven aan te voeren. De keuken werd op alle manieren als een laboratorium beschouwd. De oorspronkelijke aankleding van de keukenkastjes bestond uit stalen deurtjes, die nadien bij restauratie vervangen werden door houten panelen. Ook de aparte circulatie van het dienstpersoneel doet dit vermoeden. Vanuit de keuken kon eten worden doorgegeven via een luik naar de eetkamer toe. Op de bovenste verdieping, bevonden zich de grote slaapkamer, kleedkamer en badkamer van de ouders evenals de slaapkamers en aparte badkamer van de dochters. In deze badkamer waren een ligbad, een toilet en twee wastafels beschikbaar. Ook was er een logeerkamer en een linnenkamer aanwezig. Op het dak werd er ook een dakterras voorzien. Maar ook op de eerste en tweede verdieping waren buitenruimten gecreà «erd, onder de vorm van balkons. De slaapkamers van de dochters waren beiden ingericht met identieke meubels en hier zijn ingebouwde kasten een deel van het geheel. De dochters bezaten elk over een eigen balkon. Aan de andere kant van de gang van deze verdieping bevond zich de riante slaapkamer van de ouders. Deze bezat aan twee zijden een buitenterras. Vanuit de ruime slaapkamer was ook een eigen badkamer bereikbaar voor de ouders. Deze badkamer symboliseerde in de jaren 30 de apotheose van het modernisme. Ze was ruimer dan de andere badkamer, bezat eveneens een ligbad. Een ultramoderne Amerikaanse douche vervolledigde het tijdsbeeld. De douche bezat 1 grote douchekop en werd aangevuld met 9 massagesproeikoppen. Vernieuwingen in materialen In het huis werd moeite noch geld gespaard om de nieuwste materialen en technieken voor te stellen. In tegenstelling tot donkere parketvloeren met handgemaakte tapijten, vindt men hier vloeren uit linoleum en rubber. De leidingen werden doordacht weggestoken in schachten, die soortgelijk waren aan hedendaagse leidingschachten. Deze detaillering werd nagedaan van fabrieksontwerpen. Behalve de studeerkamer van de dochters, werd er in elke kamer een linoleum of rubberen vloer gelegd. Dit materiaal was in die tijd vrij duur en werd tot dan doe enkel geplaatst in ziekenhuizen, vanwege zijn hygià «nische kenmerken. Linoleum is ook niet vochtdoorlatend en werd naar onderhoud toe geà «xalteerd door gebruikers. De bewoners bevonden dit materiaal eerder kaal en ongezellig. Er werd daarom geopteerd om de ruimte aan te kleden met een warmer materiaal, dat een leefbaarder antwoord bood. Moderne tapijten bleken de geschiktste aankleding. Het meubilair en de verlichting werden door Gispen ontworpen. Meestal ging het over een meubelstuk dat verkrijgbaar was in de bestaande handel van Gispen, maar sommige meubels werden aangepast aan de visie van de architecten. Gispen begon al in een vroeg stadium van het modernisme te experimenteren met moderne verlichting. Hij stelde zijn lampontwerpen samen uit zuivere vormen. Liefst waren zijn creaties zuiver geometrisch opgebouwd, zoals van een modernist werd geacht. De buislampen, die reeds veel weg hebben van TL-lampen, in Huis Sonneveld, zijn van de hand van Gispen. Zijn bewondering voor de buisstoelen van Marcel Breuer, zorgde ervoor dat hij zelf begon te experimenteren met buismeubelen. In 1928 startte de productie van zijn stalen buismeubelen. De stalen buismeubelen paste door vormgeving, functionaliteit en transparantie bij het Nieuwe Bouwen. Door met een minimum aan materiaal een stoel te ontwerpen werd een open structuur verkregen. Verder maakte een minimalisering van stoffering, glanzende chroomafwerking en de toepassing van transparante tafelbladen, het mogelijk om de meubels seriematig te produceren. De serieproductie gaf ook aanleiding om het produceren van een catalogus, waardoor nieuwe meubels toegankelijker werden voor het grote publiek. Het algemene devies ven het Nieuwe bouwen: licht, lucht en ruimte werd hier wel gealterneerd in een luxe uitvoering ervan: sfeer, hygià «ne en comfort.2 Kenmerken die A. Sonneveld eiste. Het totaalconcept moest ook kloppen en men ging zelfs zo ver dat er ook serviesgoed en glazen speciaal werden ontworpen. Kleurgebruik Het kleurgebruik werd voor de restauratie geanalyseerd om de juiste kleuren te kunnen weergeven, aangezien de tijd ervoor had gezorgd dat kleuren vervaagden of overschilderd werden. Het kleurenprogramma van Huis Sonneveld werd ontworpen door kunstenaar Bart van der Leck. Volgens de restauratiearchitect, Joris Molenaar, kan het kleurgebruik opgedeeld worden in drie zones. De eerste zone was de woonkamer, de tweede zone betrof de eetkamer en studio en de laatste zone bestond uit de dienstenvertrekken. De woonkamer met bijhorende bibliotheek werd uitgebeeld in aardtinten. Bruin, brons en beige waren de aangenamere versies van het puristische wit, waar door modernisten zo graag naar werd gegrepen. Elk detail van deze ruimte werd door een kleurenschema bepaalt, zo zijn de gordijnen, de tapijten en zelfs de schuifwand in diezelfde kleuren. De bekleding van de meubels steekt een beetje meer af ten opzichte van de sobere ruimte, maar blijven steeds binnen hetzelfde thema. De volgende kleurgroep spreidt zich over de eetkamer en de studio. In tegenstelling tot het vorige kleurenschema, waar de kleuren aan elkaar aangepast waren, domineren de kleuren de ruimte hier. Primaire kleuren confronteren de pasteltinten die aanwezig zijn. Tenslotte werden de dienstvertrekken uitgevoerd in beige met als accentkleur dieprood. Op de gangen wordt datzelfde beige gecombineerd met gele deurvlakken. In elk aspect van het huis is even modern en conceptueel opgevat, zo werd er opgemerkt dat de kleedkamer van de ouders en de badkamer van de dochters afweek van het kleurenschema. De kleedkamer werd uitgevoerd in appelgroen. De badkamer van de meisjes werd dan weer bekleed met bolle tegeltjes in een pastelgroen. Deze twee vertrekken lijken eerder Art Nouveau dan Modernisme.

Claude Monet: More than an Impression Essay -- Artists Painters Impres

Claude Monet: More than an Impression From Alaska to Australia, Claude Monet is renowned for his contribution to the artistic world. Specifically, Monet is accredited with inspiring the subfield of impressionism. His painting, Impression, Rising Sun, (1873) is said to be the first impressionist painting (Taschen 31). This canvas vaguely pictures a small, lonely boat floating in front of a brilliant orange sun. This sun is surrounded by blue and grey tones that leave the viewer slightly chilled from the brisk early morning sense of the painting. The fact that the lines are blurred and the picture is without graphic detail led Louis Leroy to call its creator an impressionist. The impressionist movement stormed through Europe in the latter part of the 19th century. Today in museums from St. Petersburg to Chicago, people peruse Monet’s vision of the world. What many people do not realize, however, is that he left more than an impression. Aside from pleasing the eye, Monet’s works also paint a picture of 19th ce ntury France. France in the 19th Century Monet’s artistic career started much before the impressionist movement. While today he is famous for his landscapes and nature scenes, it wasn’t until 1858 that Monet began to paint outside, focusing on the natural beauty of France (Interagir.com). At this time, Napoleon III had gained power and France was beginning to feel the affects of the Industrial Revolution, which had started in 1830 (Francegate.com). Napoleon’s right hand man, Baron Haussman, redesigned the Europe District of Paris (Steele 35). He added huge boulevards and transformed Paris’ first train station into the magnificent station, Gare Saint Lazare. The changes that happened in the Europe District eventually spr... ... of his life he wanted to return to God. The speed and virility of trains can be equated with his younger life, while his older years are represented by true monuments of time and piety: cathedrals. Works Cited Francegate.com 17 Sept. 2003. History of France. 2001. http://ydelta.free.fr/history.htm. Interagir.com. 17 Sept. 2003. Biography of Claude Monet. 8 May 1999. http://www.intermonet.com/biograph/index.htm. National Gallery of Art. 17 Sept. 2003. Manet, Monet and the Gar Saint-Lazare. 2003. http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/pjmanet.htm. Steele, Ross, Susan St. Onge, and Ronald St. Onge. La civilisation franà §aise en à ©volution I. Boston : Heinle and Heinle, 1996 Taschen, Benedikt. Monet. Trans. Michael Hulse. Germany: Holhenzollernring, 1994. Wilson-Bareau, Juliet. Manet, Monet, and the Gare Saint-Lazare. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

The Evolved Meaning of Individuality Essay -- Individual Society Paper

The Evolved Meaning of Individuality The word â€Å"individual† holds an important place in today’s society. If asked the meaning of the word â€Å"individual,† a randomly chosen person would confidently reply, â€Å" an individual is one person.† Compared to the modern definition, the person would be correct. According to the most recent meaning of â€Å"individual†, as defined in the Oxford English Dictionary , is â€Å"of, pertaining or peculiar to, a single person or thing, or some one member of a class† ( OED individual 5a). If the same question were asked in the seventeenth century, a different answer would be given. In fact, the word â€Å"individual† was rarely used. Instead, the word â€Å"individuality† or â€Å"individualism† was often heard in the seventeenth century in reference to politics or religion. The seventeenth century definition of â€Å"individuality† is â€Å"the state or quality of being indivisible or inseparable.† Obviously, these two meanings differ. By exploring the political and theological meaning in the seventeenth century and comparing it to the latest meaning, centered on biology and society, we will use history to help us analyze the conflicts between the new meaning and the old meaning of individuality. The history of the word â€Å"individual† is thoroughly explained in Raymond Williams’ Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society . When returning to Cambridge University , after being absent for four and a half years in the war, Williams observed the people around him and noticed that a new language had evolved. This new language inspired Williams to try to discover why words were used more often around him after he returned from the war than they were before he left. The year 1945 marked a starting point for him to write ... ... now mentioned in biology and logic. The definition has been a positive addition to society. Works Cited Fite , Warner. Individualism Microform: Four Lectures on the Significance of Consciousness for Social Relations . New York : Longmans, Green, and Company, 1911. Kaplan, Abraham, ed . Individuality and the New Society . Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1970. Milton, John. Animadversions Upon the Remonstrants Defense, Against Smectymnuus .London : Printed for T. Underhill, 1641. Morley, Felix. Essays on Individuality . Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1958. Oxford English Dictionary , The . Ed. J.A. Simpson and ESC Weiner. 2 nd Edition. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1989. Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society . New York : Oxford University Press, 1976.

Killings vs. in the Bedroom Essay

Killings vs. In the Bedroom I really enjoyed the short story â€Å"Killings† written by Andre Dubus. I felt the story was very dark and depressing but what intrigued me most about the story was how close to real life it was. Todd Field’s interpretation â€Å"In the Bedroom† was an excellent rendition of the short story. He captured the story very well and really brought it to life on the big screen. The short story really portrays the society we live in. You hear every day about domestic violence that results in someone getting hurt or killed. The story tells about a young man involved with a woman separated from her jealous husband that results in the young man’s death. The parents of the young man play a big role in the story as well. Killings starts off with the young man Frank Fowler already killed and goes directly into the aftermath of his death. In the Bedroom begins with the relationship of Frank and Natalie while they were dating. I think the way the movie began was better because it lets you see more into the relationship of Frank and Natalie. The movie allows you to get attached to the characters which I feel caused more of an impact when Frank was killed by Natalie’s husband Richard. The movie also shows more detail of why Frank’s parents were against his relationship with Natalie. Marrero 2 The short story gives more back ground into the type of person Richard Strout was. It explains more of his upbringing. The movie mainly portrays him as the angry jealous husband but not much of his background was explained except that he came from a wealthy family that owns a local company. Both versions do show him as a jealous cold hearted individual that shows no remorse for what he had done to Frank. The part of the short story where Frank comes home after having his first confrontation with Richard was a bit different from the movie. The part when Frank comes home and he’s all bruised up was the same except in the short story Matt tells Frank to â€Å"press charges†(50). He also says to Frank â€Å"What’s to stop him from doing it again? †(50). In the movie, Ruth Fowler is the one who says this to Frank and Matt. She is upset that Frank and his father are so laid back about the whole incident. I think this scene was key as to why Ruth had so much animosity towards Matt after Frank died. One of the qualities of the film that I thought was very clever was how Director Todd Field chose to not use any background music. The majority of movies use music to help bring out what the scene is about but this movie didn’t do that and it worked. It was almost like watching a reality show. It concentrated on the characters and the story line to keep viewers glued to the screen. You knew that something would eventually happen but you had no idea when and how. There was no soft or powerful music in any of the scenes to give you an idea of what was going to happen. It was excellent filming with no special effects or music. Many scenes showing Matt Fowler and his wife’s marriage falling apart were silent and the absence of background music made those scenes powerful. I think it helped to keep the audience in touch with the pain that the parents were experiencing from the death of their son. Marrero 3 The cinematography of the film was also very instrumental on the overall feeling of the movie. There wasn’t much color in the film, almost as if it was a cloudy day in every scene. The way the people dressed and even how the homes looked were very drab and bland. I think this helped to demonstrate the sadness that the parents and Natalie felt after Frank was killed. Kind of the same effect background music would have on a film. If you want the audience to feel sadness while watching a particular scene there would be sad music in the background. The entire story was sad and the cinematography helped convey that in the film. Another difference between the movie and the film was the part when Frank was shot by Richard Strout. In the short story Frank was already at Mary Ann’s house watching television with the boys in the living room while she was in the kitchen. Richard walked through the front door and shot Frank several times in front of the boys (53). In the movie, Frank was shot in the living room after coming to see if Natalie and the boys were ok after a confrontation she just had with Richard. Natalie and the boys were upstairs while Frank went downstairs to keep Richard out of the house. Richard found a way in and shot Frank several times. This was such a graphic scene, just the same as the short story. The way the film portrayed this scene worked very well. It really caused drama and suspense in the film. It was a scary moment that was very disturbing to watch. Near the end of the short story and the film was when Matt held Richard at gun point. Matt decides to take matters into his own hands because the courts failed to convict Richard. It was also causing Matt’s wife emotional stress seeing Richard in town on several occasions. This was a great part to both the story and the film because it left the reader and the viewer wondering what was going to happen next. You weren’t sure whether Matt would kill Richard or let him go. Marrero 4 It was an intense moment in both the film and short story when Richard was driving while Matt steadily held the gun to Richard’s head, telling him to â€Å"Drive slowly,† Don’t try to get stopped† (55). You could feel the suspense as to what might happen next. Richard was clearly scared but all the while held true to his belief that he was justified for what he did to Frank. Just the fact that he told Matt â€Å"He was making it with my wife† (56) while Matt is pointing a gun at him shows he had no remorse for his actions. Matt continued to mentally manipulate Richard into thinking he would be set free to live his life on the run. Every time Richard would ask Matt what he was doing, Matt would not give him an answer. He tells Richard to pack his suitcase once they reached his home and then went back into the vehicle to drive some more. Matt had Richard drive to Matt’s best friend’s property. This is where he killed Richard. In the film Matt had Richard get out of the car and shot him on impulse. In the short story Matt told Richard to walk with his suitcase for which Richard dropped it and started to run. That is when Matt shot him several times. In both the film and the movie, Richard was buried on Matt’s best friend’s property. Both the short story and the film had you glued in suspense. The short story went into more detail as to what Matt was psychologically going through after killing Richard. During Matt’s drive home the author described how Matt was feeling about what he had just done. Matt was reliving the moment in his mind when he shot Richard, feeling as if someone else did it and not him. Matt’s best friend in both the movie and the short story was very instrumental on helping him carry out his revenge against Richard. The two of them shared a strong bond of friendship and brotherhood being they both served in the military together. They both trusted each other unconditionally knowing that this was something they both would keep a secret until the end. Their military background which was not outwardly mentioned in the story but was an important Marrero 5 factor allowing them to carry out Richard’s murder. In Matt’s mind he felt he had no other choice then to kill Richard and he was fine with his decision. The end of the story was when Matt gets home and see’s his wife waiting for him. In the short story she said to him â€Å"Did you do it? † (63). He tells her everything that took place and is very emotional about it, feeling sympathy for Richard’s girl friend and thinking of Frank and Mary Ann (Natalie in the film). In the film, Matt walks into the house and changes his clothes before going to the room where his wife is waiting. They don’t really speak of what happened. It is understood that Ruth knew what he did without even asking. For the first time since Frank’s death Ruth shows Matt affection by offering to make him breakfast. The film ends with Matt lying in bed alone with a look of sadness on his face. Overall I felt Killings was excellent, fitting so much into a short story. The film was done extremely well illustrating the story but also added just enough to make it even more intriguing. Both the movie and the short story left you feeling a bit empty inside, as if you experienced the sorrow and pain that the parents were going through. There really wasn’t a happy ending in either version just an understanding of the pain that is caused by losing a child.

Diploma in Health Essay

There are many different roles within the working environment. This being so, there are many different working relationships, however subtle the difference. When working with another Nursing Assistant there seems to be an immediate understanding of what is required. Although the routine my differ from ward to ward, the tasks largely remain the same and are performed with relative fluidity. When working with a Staff Nurse on something outside of my training, they will take the lead and instruct me in the task. The same can be said for when assisting doctors, physiotherapists and all other professionals. Each has their own role and it is important that they work within the scope of that role, as performing duties not within your skills is breaking with policies and procedures. It is equally as important to be accessible to those who cannot perform certain duties beyond their own remit. Before going to work (I work mainly night shifts) I dress according to the Dress Code, with washed and ironed uniform, sensible enclosed shoes, nothing below the elbows which follows the Hand Hygiene Policy, ID and name badges present. On arrival I gel my hands, put my belongings in the cloakroom and wash my hands before entering the staff room. Before handover we are read the CUBAN which relates to staffing and patient levels, patients with dementia and/or having special needs or one to one care and falls risks. In handover we learn about what has happened during the previous shift, any changes in condition of patients and about new patients needs. All the information is confidential and so the Confidentiality Policy needs to be adhered to. We are all issued with a handover sheet with these details on and I jot down and highlight any tasks that immediately concern me. E.G. Catheters/measured urine, observation times, pressure care, hourly checklists and blood sugars. We are allocated which bays we are to concentrate our efforts on and plan the best course of action, which is  usually standard routine. We then load trolleys with the necessary paperwork and go from patient to patient, checking which paperwork needs replenishing and noting down what time physiological measurements etc. need doing and tidying the bed areas. We then do a hot drinks round and update the fluid and food charts as necessary. Next we help patients into bed. After gaining consent, we help them wash and get into their night clothes. If they need toiletting, the patient’s preferred way of doing so is used. The Dignity Policy is maintained at all times. If it is documented that a patient needs more than one member of staff to transfer them safely then we help each other to do so., thus sticking to Health and Safety and Manual Handling Policies. Usually at this time the trained nurses are available and are easily approachable and willing to help. After the patient is s afely and comfortably in bed, we fill in the repositioning and personal hygiene charts as per Policy. Usually, we start the observations around 22:00, reporting any NEWS score over 3 or anything untoward to the the Staff Nurse who will inform a doctor who may order an ECG, which I would perform and report straight back to him/her. This is an example of how communication and co-operation is so important to working in partnership. Any missing ‘cog’ in a machine could spell disaster, especially in the care industry. More often than not, we answer call bells of patients requiring pain relief through the night. We take the drug chart to the Staff Nurse and she will dispense it. Unfortunately we quite often need to wash and change a patient after a mishap. The correct PPE is always used and Infection Control policies are observed as are Waste Disposal policies. At around 05:30 we empty catheter bags and document output in the fluid charts. We also tidy the bed areas again. Observations, urine measurements and toiletting continue throughout the shift until handover to the day s taff.

Animal Farm As Animal Satire

This study aims to determine that George Orwell s Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalin s practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of author s life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. Chapter one also presents background information about Animal Farm. Chapter two is devoted to satire. In this chapter, definition of satire is presented and some important characteristics of satire are discussed. In chapter three, the method of this research is described. Under the light of information presented in the previous chapters, Chapter four discusses Animal Farm and focuses on the book as a political satire. The last chapter presents the conclusion of this study. I would first like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis supervisor, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Jashua M. Bear for his help and freedom he gave me in this study. Without his understanding this thesis would never have been completed. I also wish to thank my sister Fidan Korkut for her suggestions in the planning stage of this study and her endurance during my long study days at home. My special thanks go to +zg r Ceylan, who constantly granted me her moral support. She was always there when I needed her. Presentation This chapter introduces general information about George Orwell s life. It includes chronological progress of his life and his political convictions. Furthermore, important events, such as The Russian Revolution and The Spanish Civil War which had significant influence on his commitment to write Animal Farm will be discussed. Lastly, general information about Animal Farm will be given. His Life The British author George Orwell, pen name of Eric Arthur Blair, was born in Motihari, India, June 25, 1903. His father was an important British civil servant in India, which was then part of the British Empire. A few years after Eric was born, he retired on a low pension and moved back to England. Though their income was not much enough, the Blair family sent their son away to boarding school which was an exclusive preparatory school, to prepare him for Eton Collage. Eric then won a scholarship to Eton Collage. During his education from the age of eight to eighteen, as he wrote in his essay about his school experiences titled â€Å"Such, Such Were the Joys,† he experienced many things about the â€Å"world where the prime necessities were money, titled relatives, athleticism, tailor-made clothes†, inequality, oppression and class distinctions in the schools of England (In Ball,1984). After the education at Eton College in England, Eric joined the Indian Imperial Police in British-Ruled Burma in 1922. There he witnessed oppression again, but this time he was looking at things from the top. Having served five years in Burma, he resigned in 1927 and turned back to Europe and lived in Paris for more than a year. Though he wrote novels and short stories he found nobody to get them published. He worked as a tutor and even as a dishwasher in Paris. During his poor days in Paris, he once more experienced the problems of the oppressed, the helpless and lower class people. In 1933, After having many experiences about the life at the bottom of society, he wrote Down and Out in Paris and London and published it under his pen name â€Å"George Orwell.† After a year in 1934 he published his novel Burmese Days, which he reflected his experiences there. Then, he published A Clergyman s Daughter in 1935, and Keep the Aspidistra Flying in 1936. In 1936, his publisher wanted Orwell to go to the English coal-mining country and write about it which was another important experience in his life. He wrote The Road to Wigan Pier to reflect what he saw there, the real poverty of people of the Lancashire Town of Wigan, and published it in 1937 (Ball, 1984). 1937 was the year that Orwell who for some time had been describing himself as â€Å"pro-socialist† (BALL, 1984) joined the Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War. When the Communists attempted to eliminate their allies on the far left, he fought against them and was wounded in the fighting, later was forced to flee for his life. His experience in this war was to have the most significant impact on his political thoughts and his later works. In 1938, Orwell wrote Homage to Catalonia, which recounts his experiences fighting for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. One of his best-known books reflecting his lifelong distrust of dictatorial government, whether of the left or right, Animal Farm, a modern beast-fable attacking Russian Revolution, Stalinism and totalitarianism, was published in 1945, and Nineteen Eighty-Four, a dystopian novel setting forth his fears of an intrusively bureaucratised state of the future was published in 1949. His first fame was brought by these two novels and they were the only ones which made a profit for him as a writer (Ball,1984). Orwell died at the early age of forty-seven of a neglected lung ailment in London, Jan. 21, 1950. His Time: Political Background In his essay â€Å"Why I Write†, Orwell (1947) says: I do not think one can assess a writer s motives without knowing something of his early development. His subject matter will be determined by the age he lives in at least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages like our own Taking Orwell s his own words into consideration, in order to get a better understanding of his works and particularly of his political satire Animal Farm, we should look at his political convictions, and the historical context which influenced Orwell and inspired him to write. Very few authors develop essays explaining the motivation behind their writing. Orwell was of one them. Therefore in order to understand his motivations, his essay â€Å"Why I Write† would be the most appropriate source to be looked at. Orwell was a political writer and according to him he was forced to be a writer by the circumstances under which he has become aware of his political loyalties. His Burma and Paris days increased his natural hatred of authority and made him aware of the existence of the working classes.(Orwell, 1947) As mentioned above, he described himself as â€Å"pro-Socialist.† What he was longing for was a society in which there would be no class distinctions, and he named his ideal ideology â€Å"democratic socialism†. He says â€Å"every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism † (Orwell, 1947) There are two significant events that have great influence on Orwell s political thoughts: The Russian revolution that took place in the second decade of 20th century and The Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939. The Russian Revolution Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 was the first great revolution which aimed at to overthrow the owners of the means of production, that is Capitalist Bourgeoisie, and to establish a state to be ruled by the working class, the Proletariat. Ideological basis of the revolution was taken from the philosophy of Karl Marx and Frederick Angels who believed that the history of the world was the history of a struggle between classes- between ruling classes and ruled classes (Han erlio lu, 1976). Marx was very critical of industrial capitalist society in which there are many cruel injustices and men are exploited by men. Out of his analysis of Capitalist system, he attained a vision of ending these injustices and establishing a society in which there would be no social classes and everybody would be equal. To him, in order to achieve this end the only way was a revolution made by the working class or the Proletariat against the Bourgeoisie. After revolution working classes would own the means of production. Marx called the new order that would be set after revolution â€Å"dictatorship of the Proletariat† which eventually replaced with a classless society (Han erlio lu, 1976). In October 1917, V.I. Lenin, led the socialist (Bolshevik) revolution in Russia. After the revolution was a four-year bloody civil war. During this war Red Army of the revolution organised and headed by Leon Trotsky had to fight against both Russians who were loyal to Czar and foreign troops (The Academic American Encyclopaedia, 1995). After Lenin died in 1924, a struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky started for the leadership of the Communist Party. Stalin gained priority over Trotsky and; in 1925 Trotsky with several other members ousted from Politburo (the chief executive and political committee of the Communist Party); in 1927 Trotsky and his followers expelled from Party; Stalin took the control. Later Trotsky was exiled and in 1929 he was deported. In 1940 he was assassinated. During this period, Stalin always denounced Trotsky as a traitor (Ball, 1929). In the following years, Russia witnessed that Stalin started to take all power only in his hands. In 1930 s, many people were arrested. After public trials most of the opposing elements were eliminated. Stalin has been accused of being a very cruel dictator. However, Nikita Khrushchev, who ruled USSR between 1958-1964 and who was very critical of Stalin s crimes and non-human practices said in 1956 that: Stalin believed that all his practices was necessary in order to defend the benefits of labourers. He looked at these practices from the view point of the benefit of socialism and labourers. Thus, we cannot define his practices as of a giddy cruel despot. Here, it is the all tragedy (Han erlio lu, 1979). The Spanish Civil War In 1936, General Francisco Franco led a military coup in Spain, plunging the country into civil war. Franklin Rosemont in his article â€Å"Spanish revolution of 1936†³ defines the beginning of the revolution as follows: When Franco s fascist troops invaded Spain in July 1936 with the purpose of overthrowing the young and unstable Republic, the Spanish working class responded by making a revolution that went much further toward realising the classless and stateless ideal of proletarian socialism than any preceding popular revolt. Spontaneously and almost overnight, workers seized factories and other workplaces; land was collectivised; workers militias were formed throughout the country; the church age-old enemy of all working-class radicalism and indeed, openly profascist was dismantled, and its property confiscated; established political institutions disintegrated or were taken over by workers committees (Rosemont, 1988). Yet, between 1936 and 1939 the military rising originating in Morocco, headed by General Francisco Franco, spreads rapidly all over the country, After a number of bloody battles in which fortunes changed from one side to the other. Finally, Nationalist forces occupied the capital, Madrid, on March 28, 1939, and on April 1, General Franco officially ended the war (The Academic American Encyclopaedia). Orwell And The Spanish Civil War David Ball (1984) points out three experiences in the Spanish Civil War that were important for Orwell: atmosphere of Comradeship and respect, what happened to his fellow fighters and what happened when he returned to England and reported what he had seen. After spending very poor days in Paris, Orwell went to Spain to fight for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. When he arrived Barcelona, he found an elating â€Å"atmosphere of Comradeship and respect†. People were friendly and addressing each other â€Å"comrade†. To Orwell, relations in the militia group he joined were the same and this made him feel that socialism was in action there. But later on, he was disappointed by what happened to his arm friends who were imprisoned and killed by their own â€Å"comrades† who were of Communist-dominated elements of the Republican government that they were fighting for. Communists believed that the communist ideas were betrayed by the militia group that Orwell belonged to. After he was wounded Orwell went back to England for remedy and was saved from being killed by his â€Å"comrades†. When he returned England he reported what he witnessed in the war, but Socialists strongly resisted to understand what he told about the practices of communists in Spain. The reason was that it was not the right time to publicise all these things while the war was going on and this information would harm Republican s position in the war. After this bad experience, he started to be more critical of British socialists and of communism. He wrote in his article â€Å"The Spanish war and other events in 1936-37 turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood.† (Orwell, 1947)